Product description
Cipro found the most extensive application in the international clinical practice, which is due to the combination of its characteristics. The broad recognition of this drug has become the key to its release in many countries under different trade names, thanks to which it still forms an integral part of antibiotic therapy.
Pharmacologic effect
Cipro is an antibiotic that belongs to the category of fluoroquinolones, considered highly effective against specific types of gram-negative aerobic bacteria: E. coli; Salmonella; Shigella; Citrobacter; Klebsiella; Enterobacter, etc. In addition, this bactericidal drug successfully suppresses and eliminates colonies of pathogenic bacteria, infectious microorganisms, and some pathogens penetrating into the cells.
The pills' Cipro antimicrobial activity destroys the DNA in the bacteria, preventing their subsequent growth and reproduction and destroying them at the cellular level. Cipro It is important to note that the course treatment with Ciprofloxacin doesn't cause the development of resistance to other antibiotics, which is why the drug is so effective.
Indications for use
Cipro is prescribed for the suppression of the pathogenic activity of infections in different tissues and organs of the body. Therefore, it would be appropriate to distribute the functionality of the Cipro pills into the following categories:
- pathology of the respiratory tract and the entire ENT area (angina)
- diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract (cystitis and urethritis)
- inflammatory diseases of the genital organs (including prostatitis)
- disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity
- inflammation of the epidermis, mucous membranes, and muscles
- infectious diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Additionally, the drug successfully copes with blood infection or peritonitis, as well as a general suppression of pathogenic microflora in patients with immunosuppression.
In a number of cases, the use of Ciprofloxacin is indicated as a preventive measure in the event of surgical medical intervention.
Way of use and dosage Cipro
The instructions for Cipro's use indicate that the final calculation of the dosage is determined by a number of important points, such as the type of microbes, the availability of complications, the patient's history, and kidney performance. On average, the dosages Cipro for adults must be calculated according to the following scheme: for the treatment of moderate to severe infectious pathologies of the kidneys and urinary tract– one pill of Cipro 250 or 500 mg (accordingly, twice a day); for the treatment of infections of the lower respiratory tract- the same doses twice a day; for the treatment of gonorrhea - a single dose of one or two pills of Ciprofloxacin; for the therapy of the reproductive disorders, osteomyelitis and all types of enteritis (colitis) - 500 mg in the morning and in the evening.
Annotation to the Cipro pills specifies that they should be taken on an empty stomach with sufficient water. In patients with kidney disorders, the dose must be reduced by 50%. As a rule, the course of therapy with this antibiotic lasts 1-2 weeks, but it is important to continue the treatment for at least another two days (even after the symptoms have completely disappeared) in order to exclude the risk of developing a chronic disease.
Contraindications
The list of contraindications to the use of Ciprofloxacin includes the following conditions:
G6PD deficiency;
- pregnancy and breastfeeding;
- pseudomembranous colitis;
- hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones.
In addition, the drug Cipro can't be prescribed to children and teenagers under the age of 18; also, patients with cerebral atherosclerosis, vertebrobasilar circulatory disorders, mental diseases, seizures, and epilepsy must take it with caution.
Patients with renal or liver impairment, and elderly people also require special supervision.
Side effects
Most often, patients taking Cipro suffer from such adverse reactions as sickness, diarrhea, and discomfort at the injection site (the latter is not relevant for pills).
Additionally, in some situations, patients are diagnosed with renal/liver dysfunction, arthralgia, muscle pain, and fungal infections.
Interaction
The combination of Ciprofloxacin with Theophylline increases the concentration of the latter in the blood plasma. It should be prescribed with caution to the patients taking QT-prolonging drugs. The simultaneous administration of xanthine derivatives increases their concentration in blood serum. The use of Phenytoin provokes an arbitrary increase or decrease of its level in plasma, which can lead to overdose and seizures (the same is true for high doses of NSAIDs). The antibiotic can enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin and its analogs and increase the level of methotrexate, tizanidine, and omeprazole in blood. Increased frequency of side effects is possible in the case of simultaneous administration of Ciprofloxacin with lidocaine, clozapine, and sildenafil. The combination of this antibiotic with alcohol and dairy products enriched with minerals should be avoided.